Publications

Authors: Dr. Kelly Hamby - Alan Leslie - David Owens

Dectes stem borer (DSB; Dectes texanus) is a native species of long-horned beetle that can be a sporadic pest of soybeans. Damage to soybean plants is caused by the larvae, which feed internally on soybean stems. As the plant matures, the larvae girdle the stem at the base of the plant, which can cause lodging before soybeans are harvested. Continuous soybean production favors Dectes stem borer populations. Few management tactics effectively reduce damage once populations build up, and insecticides provide inconsistent protection. Timely harvest of infested fields can help avoid lodging yield loss. Authors: Kelly Hamby, Alan Leslie, and David Owens; Title: Dectes Stem Borer Management in Soybeans (FS-1196)

Authors: Paul Goeringer

Selecting an attorney to represent you is not always an easy prospect especially if it is your first time needing legal help. You may not know how to go about finding the right attorney or what questions to ask. Does the attorney have experience handling cases like yours? Do you understand how the attorney will bill you? Are you paying a flat fee or being billed hourly? Selecting the right attorney and understanding expectations on both sides will hopefully lead to a successful attorney-client relationship. Author: Paul Goeringer; Title: Finding An Attorney for Your Case Requires Asking the Right Questions (FS-1097)

Authors: Anne DeMarsay, Ph.D.

The purpose of this fact sheet is to help wine grape growers in Maryland develop effective fungicide spray programs to manage a complex of five major fungal diseases affecting vines and fruit: powdery mildew, downy mildew, black rot, Botrytis bunch rot, and Phomopsis cane and leaf spot. The spray schedules below suggest several options for each spray but do not include all fungicides registered in Maryland for control of these diseases. Three supplemental tables are provided to further assist growers in choosing fungicides. Table 1 rates the effectiveness of all fungicides mentioned in the fact sheet against these diseases. Information on effectiveness is intended as general guidance only. Results in a given vineyard will depend on the weather, disease pressure (level of inoculum present), canopy management, age of vines, fungicide formulation and rate, and spray intervals and coverage. Table 2 lists resistance-prone fungicides by chemical class (mode of action) to help growers choose rotational partners with different modes of action fungicides mentioned in this guide. Author: Anne DeMarsay, Ph.D., The Fruit DoctorTM; Title: The New Guidelines for Developing an Effective Fungicide Spray Program for Wine Grapes in Maryland, 2012 (FS-848)

Authors: Brian Kalmbach - Gurpal Toor

Soil samples provide information about the soil fertility status of a field, which is used to generate nutrient and lime recommendations and develop a farm's nutrient management plan. This factsheet outlines proper soil sampling techniques (how, when, why) to optimize crop production, minimize environmental degradation, and maximize farm profitability. Authors: Brian Kalmbach and Dr. Gurpal Toor; Title: Soil Sampling for Optimizing Agricultural Production in Maryland (FS-1184)

Authors: Jarrod Miller - Craig W. Yohn

Precision agriculture allows modern producers to manage within fields rather than managing the whole field.¹‚² By integrating global positioning systems (GPS), variable rate (VR) application equipment, and geographic information systems (GIS), farmers are allowed increased efficiency. However, prior to using VR equipment, accurate maps of yield-limiting factors must be created.³,⁴,⁵5 Nutrients in any field vary due to topography, soil properties and past management (manure application patterns, crop history, etc.). To account for this variability, farmers will need more than one soil sample in each field (Figure 1a). A more intensive sampling scheme must be performed, through either grid or zone sampling. Looking to the future, on-the-go sensors, whether attached to tractors or unmanned aerial vehicles, may also increase accuracy and decrease the cost of soil sampling. Authors: Jarrod O. Miller and Craig W. Yohn; Title: Precision Soil Sampling Helps Farmers Target Nutrient Application (FS-1046)

Authors: Drew Schiavone

Modern civilization is possible because people have learned how to change energy from one form to another and then use it to do work. There are many different forms of energy, including heat, light, motion, electrical, and chemical. One practical example of energy use within our society, includes the conversion of the chemical energy stored in coal into electrical energy that can be used in our homes, farms, and businesses. We will review the primary sources of energy and the conversions between different forms of energy, while differentiating between thermal and electric energy. Author: Drew Schiavone, Title: Energy Used in Homes, Businesses, and Farms is Typically Supplied as Heat or Electricity (EBR-63)

Authors: Donald Webster - Don Meritt

The Chesapeake Bay oyster resource and fishery have shown wide temporal population fluctuations generating controversy regarding restoration methods. Disagreements stem from a lack of accurate and defensible data upon which to base decisions. Many commercial oyster harvesters favor dredging using metal scrapes towed by powered harvest vessels as a beneficial practice. Harvesters state that expanding this type of dredging throughout the Bay would lead to increased biomass and public harvest. Scientific and environmental communities dispute this claim, pointing to differences between bottom renovation and recruitment. This has created problems for managers who must consider multiple factors in regulating fisheries. To understand the effect of dredging on populations, we analyzed data from scientific studies to predict the likely outcome of these activities. This paper evaluates the cost-effectiveness and effects on production of restoration options. We compare power dredging and natural recruitment to rebuild biomass to contemporary aquaculture techniques. Authors: Donald Webster and Donald Meritt; Title: Predicting Oyster Production: A Comparison of Natural Recruitment and Aquaculture (EB-449).

Authors: Kurt Vollmer

Herbicide-resistant Palmer amaranth and common ragweed are two weed species that pose a major challenge to farmers. It is recommended that an effective postemergence herbicide be applied before these weeds are 3- to 4-inches tall. Palmer amaranth and common ragweed plants that exceed this height are challenging to control. This report summarizes research and discusses the challenges of managing large Palmer amaranth and common ragweed plants. Authors: Kurt Vollmer, Michael Flessner, Dwight Ligenfelter, Vijay Singh, Mark Vangessell, and John Wallace. Title: Control of Large Palmer Amaranth and Common Ragweed in Soybean or Corn (FS-1192)

Authors: Paul Goeringer - Ellen Pearson

Managing legal risks can mean following a well-thought-out process to hire new employees, correctly training new employees, allowing them additional training to stay current on the most recent chemical application and animal welfare practices, and developing other proactive strategies to limit legal challenges impacting a farm operation. This publication assists readers in better understanding what can go into this process. Title: Developing Proactive Legal Strategies for Handling Protesters and Hiring Employees to Limit Legal Issues on Your Farm (FS-1163). Author: Paul Goeringer, Ellen Pearson

Authors: Drew Schiavone

The purpose of this report is to provide farmers with important information regarding the development of on-farm solar PV systems. We explore the opportunities, motivations, and benefits of installing solar PV for your home, farm or business. Author: Drew Schiavone, Title: A Brief Guide to On-Farm Solar (FS-1187)