Tree of Heaven

About tree-of-heaven (Ailanthus altissima)

Life cycle and background

Invasive deciduous tree. The preferred host plant of invasive spotted lanternfly.

Growth habit

Fast growing and invasive; leaf large, 1 to 4 ft. long, compound with 11 - 25 leaflets; leaflets have a smooth margin and 1-2 teeth near the base with a pair of small glandular structures; entire plant has an unpleasant odor but particularly the leaves if they are crushed. Tree of Heaven looks similar to native sumac and black walnut.

Reproduction

Seeds; male and female flowers on separate plants, followed by papery samaras; large leaf scars and smooth bark; resprouts from roots if cut

Conditions that favor growth

Escaped cultivation and can be found in any location, even under harsh conditions

Controlling tree-of-heaven

• Invasive Tree Control

• Penn State Extension | Tree-of-Heaven 

• Plant Invaders of Mid-Atlantic Areas

• (PDF) Tree-of-Heaven Fact Sheet

• (PDF) Control of Invasive Non-native Plants

• (PDF) Herbicide Advice for Homeowners University of Florida Agronomy Department

Additional resources

Maryland Biodiversity Project | More ID photos of tree of heaven

(PDF) The Mistaken Identity: Invasive Plants and their Native Look-Alikes 

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