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Environmental Health Effects of Pesticides

Insecticides

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Insecticide Trade name Classificationa Oral LD Acute oral Acute dermal Remarks
acephate Orthene G 361 Moderate Moderate Organophosphate. Toxic to bees; moderately toxic to birds; relatively nontoxic to fish.
bacillus thuringiensis Dipel Agree Biobit Crymax Deliver Xentari Javelin G NA Very low Very low Protein toxin from a soil bacterium. Very low toxicity to mammals, fish, birds, and bees.
betacyfluthrin Baythroid XL R 647 Low Low Pyrethroid
bifenthrin Brigade, Sniper R 262 Low Low Pyrethroid
carbaryl Sevin G 500 Low Low Carbamate. Very low to low toxicity to birds and fish; highly toxic to bees.
chlorpyrifos Dursban Lorsban R9,10 163 Moderate Moderate Organophosphate. Toxic to fish, crustaceans, and bees; moderately toxic to birds. Incompatible with alkaline materials.
chlorpyrifos-methyl Reldan G 1,000 Low Low Organophosphate. Toxic to fish.
clothianidin Poncho 250 Poncho 1250 G >5,000 mg/kg >5,000 mg/kg >2.628 mg/L/4 hrs Neonicotinoid. Toxic to aquatic invertebrates.
cyfluthrin Tombstone R10 826 Low Low Pyrethroid. Eye irritant. Toxic to fish.
DDVP (dichlorvos) Vapona G 80 Moderate Moderate Organophosphate.
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a G refers to general use, R refers to restricted use. Reasons for restrictions are as follows: R1 = acute oral toxicity; R2 = acute dermal toxicity; R3 = acute inhalation toxicity; R4 = accident history; R5 = ability to cause tumors (oncogenicity); R6 = ability to cause birth defects (teratogenicity); R7 = fetotoxicity; R8 = reproductive effects (not applicable to pesticides recommended in this publication at this time); R9 = effects on birds; R10 = effects on fish or other aquatic life; R11 = effects on terrestrial wildlife; R12 = groundwater contamination potential; R13 = hazardous to nontarget plants; R14 = worker exposure concerns.

b Based on technical product.

NA— means not available.

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College of Agriculture and Natural Resources
University of Maryland

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