Deep-row incorporation involves the one-time application of biosolids in a wide and shallow trench that is covered with overburden, and planted with hybrid poplar cuttings that utilize the nutrients over a 7-9 year rotation. ERCO in Waldorf, Maryland functioned under a research permit from the Maryland Department of Environment to use the deep row incorporation technique. There are no other comparable operations anywhere in the world, so it is useful to understand the economics of this type of biosolid application. This fact sheet illustrates the income and expenses from such an enterprise.